During a recent visit to my local library, a book titled Hidden Cities piqued my curiosity. The concept of entire communities thriving underground—either for shelter from harsh environments or as a strategic defense mechanism—was both fascinating and thought-provoking. Among the subterranean marvels mentioned in the book, five stood out for their unique histories and designs. Here’s a glimpse into these hidden worlds.
1. Montreal’s RESO: A Climate-Controlled Urban Network
Known as the “Underground City,” Montreal’s RESO (short for réseau, French for “network”) is a sprawling maze of interconnected tunnels, malls, office buildings, and metro stations. Covering 32 kilometers and linking key parts of the city, it’s a haven for Montrealers during harsh winters. Though many parts of the network are underground, RESO blends seamlessly with above-ground access points, making it a practical and innovative example of urban design. For locals and visitors alike, it’s a unique experience of city life that thrives below the surface.
2. Coober Pedy: Surviving the Scorching Outback
In the arid Australian outback, Coober Pedy is famous not just for its opals but also for its “dugout” homes. These subterranean residences protect inhabitants from the scorching heat, which often exceeds 40°C (104°F). The name “Coober Pedy” comes from the Aboriginal term kupa-piti, meaning “white man’s hole.” Beyond housing, the town also boasts underground churches, shops, and even hotels, making it an extraordinary example of adapting to environmental challenges.
3. Derinkuyu: Ancient Ingenuity in Turkey
The ancient underground city of Derinkuyu in Cappadocia, Turkey, is a marvel of engineering. With its multi-level design, it descends 85 meters and could shelter up to 20,000 people along with their livestock and provisions. Dating back to at least the Byzantine era, Derinkuyu includes stables, chapels, storage rooms, and even a school. Ingenious features like ventilation shafts and stone doors designed for defense showcase the resourcefulness of its builders.
4. Beijing’s Dixia Cheng: A Cold War Relic
Built during the Cold War, Beijing’s Dixia Cheng—or the Underground City—was constructed as a bomb shelter in anticipation of nuclear war. Spanning 85 square kilometers beneath the city, the tunnels were designed to house thousands of people and included facilities like theaters and clinics. Although parts of it were opened to tourists in 2000, much of it remains closed, adding an air of mystery to this relic of tense geopolitical times.
5. Wieliczka Salt Mine: Poland’s Subterranean Treasure
The Wieliczka Salt Mine near Kraków, Poland, is a historic gem and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Operating since the 13th century, it was more than a source of salt—it became an artistic and spiritual retreat. The mine is adorned with intricate sculptures, chapels, and even chandeliers, all carved from salt. Visitors can now explore this underground masterpiece, which tells a story of resilience and creativity.
Conclusion
These underground cities reveal humanity’s ability to adapt and innovate in the face of adversity. From harsh climates to threats of war, these hidden worlds stand as a testament to our ingenuity. Visiting or learning about them offers a glimpse into the extraordinary lives led beneath the surface of our world. Next time you’re exploring a city, you might just wonder what lies below your feet.